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Hopf Fibration, Non-Homotopy and Mass

Author:

Goodwin, Garry

Category:

Research Papers

Sub-Category:

Mathematical Physics

Language:

English

Date Published:

March 23, 2025

File:

/Research Papers-Mathematical Physics/Download/9945

Downloads:

Keywords:

Hopf fibration, topology, rest mass, Higgs field

Abstract:

A theory of inertial rest mass is put forward. Mass arises as resistance to acceleration due to the topological confinement of a 3-sphere embedded in 3-space. This is a situation described by a Hopf fibration. To act on the encapsulation an external forces faces a non-homotopy, i.e. energy is unable to continuously deform to enter the encapsulation. The non-homotopy is the cause of the encapsulation's resistance to acceleration where some of the force able to adapt to the fibration's topology is internalised as mass energy. Positioning mass-energy within a global energy flow invites a comparison to charge. The encapsulation model predicts several baryon masses within experimental uncertainty. This includes $Sigma^+$, $Sigma^0$, $Sigma^-$, $Xi^0$, $Xi^-$, $Omega^-$, and $Lambda^0$. Additionally, the model suggests a deep connection between energy regulation and the electron. In its role as a damping mechanism for baryon mass stability, we are able to derive the electron mass, again within experimental uncertainty. While these results are promising, further theoretical work is required to rigorously justify the role of topology in a theory of charge-mass.