Author:
Leon, Antonio
Category:
Research Papers
Sub-Category:
Cosmology
Language:
English
Date Published:
March 17, 2026
Downloads:
201
Keywords:
N/A
Abstract:
This article explores the origin of the observable universe, emphasizing the near-unanimous conclusion that the universe had a beginning. It contrasts two main paths to this conclusion: the classical route through general relativity equations, supported by empirical evidence like the universe's expansion and cosmic microwave background radiation, and a formal approach derived from the Principle of Directional Evolution. The latter suggests that the universe's cause is external and unknowable through science limited to this universe. The paper also discusses the fine-tuning of the fundamental physical constants from a probabilistic perspective, considering the number of constants and the number of their invariant decimal figures, demonstrating that fine-tuning supports the universe's origination by a cause external to the universe itself.
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