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Experimental physics in 18th century. The case of calorimetry

Author:

Leon, Antonio

Category:

Research Papers

Sub-Category:

Ecology - Life/Social Sciences

Language:

English

Date Published:

June 16, 2022

File:

/Research Papers-Ecology - Life/Social Sciences/Download/9237

Downloads:

Keywords:

experiment and theories, heat, temperature, scales of temperature, flogiston, caloric, specific heat, latent heat, Richmann's law, heat and temperature, thermal conductivity, kinetic theory of heat, calorimetry

Abstract:

After a brief analysis of the relationships between scientific experimentation and scientific theories, this article analyzes the main theoretical and experimental discoveries that will lead to the birth of calorimetry, the science of heat immediately prior to thermodynamics, at the end of the 18th century. It was necessary to abandon the primitive subjective temperature scales and build instruments capable of measuring temperature in physical, objective terms, in order to carry out experiments on its variations and begin the construction of theories on heat and temperature. The success of the phlogiston theory gave rise to the corpuscular theory of heat and later to the caloric theory. But it was the discovery of specific heat and latent heat that ultimately led to the distinction between heat and temperature that lead to the kinetic theory of heat and to the birth of calorimetry.