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Does the Global Positioning System Operationally Require Relativity?

Author:

Tickner, Clive

Category:

Research Papers

Sub-Category:

Relativity Theory

Language:

English

Date Published:

June 5, 2026

File:

/Research Papers-Relativity Theory/Download/10567

Downloads:

Keywords:

GPS, time synchronisation, relativity, satellite navigation, clock bias, signal propagation

Abstract:

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is frequently presented as direct operational proof of Relativistic Time Dilation, invoking both Special and General Relativity to explain the observed behaviour of satellite clocks. However, the GPS system does not require relativistic time dilation as a physical mechanism, as it functions perfectly well through conventional clock synchronisation, signal propagation modelling, and continuous control- segment corrections from stations on earth. This paper distinguishes between prediction, interpretation, and operational necessity. By analysing the equations solved by GPS receivers, the structure of satellite clock management, and the role of the control segment, it is argued that GPS does not directly measure relativistic time dilation, nor does its operation demand such an interpretation.