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Transplantation of Fetal Stem Cells at the Turn of the First and the Second Wave of Development (1973-2002)

Author:

Karpenko, Alexey

Category:

Research Papers

Sub-Category:

Biology / Medicine

Language:

English

Date Published:

August 21, 2025

File:

/Research Papers-Biology / Medicine/Download/10293

Downloads:

Keywords:

Fetal Stem Cells Transplantation, FLT, EmCell, Smikodub, Ukraine, history

Abstract:

In the history of medicine, the world has not witnessed more significant and global attention paid by society to a new scientific direction in medicine than what we can observe today towards the transplantation of embryonic/fetal stem cells (ESC/FSC). The FSC (FLT) transplantations during the first wave of development were under crucial influence of the method for bone marrow transplantation (BMT) by E.D. Thomas [26], which was awarded by Nobel Prize in 1990. The point of this method was overcoming the tissue rejection (tissue incompatibility) by suppression or eradication of recipient’s immunity (conditioning). This method produces severe complications and side effects, not to mention the high post-transplantation mortality (10-20%). This fact narrows the list of disease for application of the method. The second wave of development ESC/FSC transplantations emerged due to new method for clinical transplantation by Prof. Alexander Smikodub (1948-2009. National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine) who resolved the problem of tissue rejection by gentle and smart approach: he used ESC/FSC stem cells, which did not elicit the immune conflict with the tissue of a recipient because they had not mature immunity. These are embryonic and fetal stem cells within the age of 6–12 weeks of gestation (at 6–8 weeks they are called “embryonic”, at 9–12 weeks – “fetal”). This method allows no complications and has positive effects in wide range of diseases.