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A Critical Reassessment Of The Big Bang Hypothesis

Author:

Tickner, Clive

Category:

Essays

Sub-Category:

Cosmology

Language:

English

Date Published:

May 27, 2026

File:

/Essays-Cosmology/Download/10563

Downloads:

Keywords:

Hubble, G.F.R. Ellis, R.C. Tolman, Milgrom, McGaugh, Halton Arp, Planck, Steinhardt and Ellis, Tully–Fisher. Singularities, divergent curvatures, past- light-cone, The Standard Model’, Cosmological redshift, photon frequency, redshift quanti

Abstract:

The Big Bang model is widely regarded as the standard framework for modern cosmology, yet its foundational status rests on a small set of interpretive assumptions and extrapolations that are rarely examined in aggregate. This paper critically reassesses the empirical and theoretical basis of Big Bang cosmology by analysing its core assumptions, the interpretation of key observations, and the progressive introduction of auxiliary hypotheses. Particular attention is given to the cosmological principle, the untested global applicability of general relativity, the physical interpretation of singularities, and the model-dependent reading of cosmological redshift and the cosmic microwave background. The role of inflation, dark matter, and dark energy is examined as a response to internal tensions rather than independent empirical discoveries. Drawing on both physical and philosophical critiques from the literature, this paper argues that the Big Bang functions less as a conclusively established physical theory than as a mathematically coherent but epistemically fragile framework. The aim is not to replace the Standard Model, but to clarify its limits, expose its assumptions, and restore the distinction between observation, inference, and narrative in cosmological reasoning.