All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident: Arthur Schopenhauer -- In questions of science the authority of a thousand is not worth the humble reasoning of a single individual: Galileo Galilei -- Science is a wonderful thing if one does not have to earn one's living at it: Albert Einstein -- When you have eliminated the impossible, what ever remains, however improbable must be the truth: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle -- We all agree that your theory is crazy, but is it crazy enough? Niels Bohr -- Whenever a true theory appears, it will be its own evidence. Its test is that it will explain all phenomena: Ralph Waldo Emerson -- Since the mathematicians invaded Relativity, I do not understand it myself anymore: Albert Einstein -- I would say that the aether is a medium invented by man for the purpose of propagating his misconceptions from one place to another: W.F.G. Swann: -- Most of the fundamental ideas of science are essentially simple, and may, as a rule, be expressed in a language comprehensible to everyone: Albert Einstein -- Physics is mathematical not because we know so much about the physical world, but because we know so little: Bertrand Russell -- If I could explain it to the average person, I would not have been worth the Nobel Prize: R. P. Feynman -- I do not feel obliged to believe that the same God who has endowed us with sense, reason, and intellect has intended us to forgo their use: Galileo Galilei -- How dare we speak of the laws of chance? Is not chance the antithesis of all law?: Bertrand Russell -- Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I´m not sure about the former: Albert Einstein -- The glory of mathematics is that you don't have to say what you are talking about: Richard Feynman -- Anything is possible if you don´t know what you are talking about: Author Unknown -- In life, everything is relative - except Einstein´s theory: Leonid S. Sukhorukov -- Don´\'t worry about people stealing your ideas. If your ideas are any good, you´ll have to ram them down people´s throats: Howard Aiken --A day will come undoubtedly when the ether will be discarded as useless: H. Poincaré -- First they tell you you´re wrong and they can prove it; then they tell you you´re right but it isn´t important; then they tell you it´s important but they knew it all along: Charles Kettering -- It is not once nor twice but times without number that the same ideas make their appearance in the world: Aristotle -- The opposite of a true statement is a false statement. The opposite of a profound truth may well be another profound truth: Niels Bohr -- A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it: Max Planck -- Euclid taught me that without assumptions there is no proof. Therefore, in any argument, examine the assumptions: Eric Temple Bell -- Half this game is ninety percent mental: Yogi Berra

Historical Papers

Ernest Esclangon
December 1927: On the asymmetry of the optical space and the laws of reflection [...view

Ernest Esclangon
December 1927: Sur la dissymétrie optique de l'espace et les lois del la r&...view

Robert Andrews Millikan
January 1913: Atomic Theories of Radiation [Millikan_Sci_v37n943(1913)119-133]view

Paul S. Epstein
April 1926: Centennial of the Undulatory Theory of Light [Epstein_Sci_v63n1633...view

Harry Bateman
1913: A New Type of Solution of Maxwell\'s Equations [Bateman_AnnMath_v1...view

Harry Bateman
November 1923: An Electromagnetic Theory of Light-Darts [Bateman_BullAmMathSoc_v2...view

Harry Bateman
February 1921: Notes on Electrical Theory [Bateman_BullAmMathSoc_v27n5(1921)217-2...view

Harry Bateman
April 1922: The Form of the Ether [Bateman_PubAstroSocPac_v34n198(1922)94-107....view

Sir Oliver Lodge
1937: Ether; 1937 Encyclopaedia Britannica [Lodge_EnclBrit_v14n8(1937)75...view

F. G. Pease
August 1930: Ether Drift Data [Pease_PubAstroSocPac_v42n248(1930)197-202.PDF]view

F. Hayn
1923: Aberration and the Michelson Experiment [Hayn_AstronNach[trans]_v2...view

F. Hayn
1923: Aberration und Michelsonversuch [Hayn_AstronNach_v218n5209(1923)11...view

Fernand Prunier
December 1935: On an experiment of Sagnac which would be made with flows of electr...view

Fernand Prunier
December 1935: Sur une expérience de Sagnac qui serait faite avec des flux ...view

Paul Langevin
December 1935: Remarques au suject de la Note de M. Prunier [Langevin_CR_v173n19(...view

Paul Langevin
October 1921: On the theory of relativity and the experiment of Mr. Sagnac [Lang...view

Paul Gerber
December 1898: he Spatial and Temporal Propagation of Gravity [Gerber_ZMathPhys[tr...view

Sir Chandrasekhara V. Raman
November 1930: The molecular scattering of light [Raman_NobelLecture_(1930)267-27...view

Sir Oliver Lodge
December 1897: Further Note on the Influence of a Magnetic Field on Radiation Freq...view

Sir Oliver Lodge
December 1897: Experiments on the Absence of Mechanical Connexion between Ether an...view

Sir Oliver Lodge
December 1892: Aberration Problems. A Discussion concerning the Motion of the Ethe...view

Béla Pogány
May 1926: Über die Wiederholung des Harress-Sagnacschen Versuches [Pog...view

P. Zeeman
1922: The Propagation of Light in Moving Transparent Solid Substances III...view

P. Zeeman
1920: he Propagation of Light in Moving Transparent Solid Substances II. ...view

P. Zeeman
May 1919: The Propagation of Light in Moving Transparent Solid Substances. Ap...view

P. Zeeman
May 1917: Direct Optical Measurement of the Velocity at the Axis in the Appar...view

P. Zeeman
1915: An Optical Method of Determining the Ratio Between the Mean and Max...view

P. Zeeman
May 1915: Fresnel's Coefficient for Light of Different Colours Part 2 [Zeeman...view

P. Zeeman
June 1914: Fresnel's Coefficient for Light of Different Colours [Zeeman_ProcKN...view

Gustaf Strömberg
July 1931: A Determination of the Velocity of Light from the Group of Extra-Ga...view

Gustaf Strömberg
April 1926: Miller's Ether Drift Experiment and Stellar Motions [Strömberg...view

Evander Bradley McGilvary
September 1932: The Time-Retarding Journey Again [McGilvary_PhilRev_v41n5(1932)478...view

Evander Bradley McGilvary
July 1931: "The Paradox of the Time-Retarding Journey" A Discussion ...view

Walter Kaufmann
January 1902: Die elektromagnetische Masse des Elektrons [Kaufmann_PhysZeit_v4n1...view

A. S. Eddington
February 1924: A Comparison of Whitehead's and Einstein's Formulæ [Eddington...view

G. W. Hammar
1935: The Velocity of Light Within a Massive Enclosure [Hammar_PhysRev_v4...view

Aristarkh Apollonovich Bélopolsky
January 1901: On an Apparatus for the Laboratory Demonstration of the Doppler-Fiz...view

Albert A. Michelson
April 1913: Effect of Reflection from a Moving Mirror on the Velocity of Light ...view

Sir J. J. Thomson
November 1919: Joint Eclipse Meeting of the Royal Society and the Royal Astronomic...view

Sir J. J. Thomson
February 1910: On a Theory of the Structure of the Electric Field and its Applicat...view

Richard C. Tolman
February 1910: The Second Postulate of Relativity [Tolman_PhysRev_v30n2(1910)291....view

Daniel F. Comstock
May 1910: The Principle of Relativity [Comstock_Sci_v31n803(1910)767-772.PDF]view

Daniel F. Comstock
February 1910: A Neglected Type of Relativity [Comstock_PhysRev_s1v30n2(1910)267....view

Richard A. Beth
July 1936: Mechanical Detection and Measurement of the Angular Momentum of Lig...view

James Clerk Maxwell
December 1887: Ether [Maxwell_EncycloBrit_v9n8(1878)568-572.PDF]view

Sir Oliver Lodge
December 1897: Experiments on the Absence of Mechanical Connexion between Ether an...view

Thomas J. J. See
October 1924: Prof. See Declares Einstein in Error [See_NYT_14Oct(1924)14.PDF]view

William Duncan MacMillan
May 1929: The Field of Cosmogony [MacMillan_JGeo_v37n4(1929)341-356.PDF]view

William Duncan MacMillan
October 1919: The Growth of the Solar System [MacMillan_AmMathMon_v26(1919)326-3...view

William Duncan MacMillan
November 1912: The Domain of Computational Astronomy [MacMillan_Sci_v36n934(1912)...view